Spatial distribution of canine echinococcosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2018 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution and changing trend of canine echinococcosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide the scientific evidence for prevention and control of canine echinococcosis in high-risk areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Methods All data pertaining to Echinococcus infections in canine feces and sampling survey of human echinococcosis were collected from the echinococcosis-endemic foci of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2018, and the prevalence of Echinococcus infections was investigated in dogs and humans. In addition, the spatial distribution characteristics and clusters of canine echinococcoses were identified. Results A total of 164 139 canine fecal samples were detected in the echinococcosis-endemic foci of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2018, and there were 2 136 fecal samples positive for Echinococcus coproantigens. The positive rates of Echinococcus coproantigens were 0.54% to 1.73% in dogs from 2012 to 2018, with a tendency towards a decline seen in the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in dogs (χ2 = 108.83, P < 0.01), and there was a significant difference in the positive rate of Echinococcus coproantigens in dogs among years (χ2 = 155.27, P < 0.01). Three-dimensional trend analysis showed that canine echinococcosis was mainly concentrated in east of central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and a high prevalence was detected in New Barag Right Banner and Sonid Right Banner. The global spatial distribution of canine echinococcosis appeared a random pattern in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2018 (Moran’s I > 0, P > 0.05), and there were “high-high” and “high-low” clusters of canine echinococcosis in local areas. The prevalence of human echinococcosis was 0.08%, and there was a significant difference in the prevalence among regions (χ2 = 147.61, P < 0.01), with a high prevalence seen in West Ujimqin Banner, Jarud Banner and New Barag Right Banner. In addition, the prevalence of human echinococcosis correlated positively with the Echinococcus coproantigen-positive rate in dogs (r = 0.52, P < 0.01). Conclusions The prevalence of Echinococcus infections shows an overall tendency towards a decline in dogs in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2018, with a high prevalence found in New Barag Right Banner and Sonid Right Banner. Human echinococcosis is concentrated in clusters of canine echinococcosis, where health education and targeted control interventions requires to be intensified.

Epidemic situation of human echinococcosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region: a sampling survey from 2012 to 2017 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human echinococcosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, so as to provide evidence for the development of the precision control strategy of human echinococcosis in the region. Methods A sampling survey of human echinococcosis was conducted in 28 banners (counties, districts) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2017, and the epidemiological characteristics were descriptively analyzed. Results A total of 90 058 residents were examined for echinococcosis in 28 banners (counties, districts) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2012 to 2017, and 71 patients were detected with echinococcosis, with a detection rate of 0.08%. No echinococcosis cases were identified in 8 banners (counties), and there were 6 banners (counties) with echinococcosis prevalence of 0.1% to 1%, and 14 with prevalence of 0 to 0.1%. The echinococcosis prevalence was significantly greater in women (0.11%) than in men (0.05%) (χ2 = 10.09, P = 0.001), and the highest prevalence was detected in patients at ages of over 50 years (38 cases, 53.52%). In addition, the highest echinococcosis prevalence was detected in herdsmen (0.14%), or in primary school children (0.13%). Conclusions Human echinococcosis is widely, but lowly prevalent in Inner Mongolia Region, with a diverse density of infections. Echinococcosis has remarkable characteristics of regional and population clusters in Inner Mongolia Region, and the management of echinococcosis requires to be reinforced in key regions and populations.

Spatial distribution characteristics of reported echinococcosis patients in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2018 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the spatial distribution patterns and changing tendency of reported echinococcosis patients in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2018, so as to provide the evidence for the management of echinococcosis in high-risk areas. Methods All data pertaining to echinococcosis patients in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were captured from the National Notifiable Communicable Disease Reporting System from 2013 to 2018 and analyzed using a spatial epidemiological method. Results The incidence of reported echinococcosis was 0.22 to 0.41 per 100 000 in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2018, and the number of banner reporting echinococcosis patients increased from 24 in 2013 to 39 in 2018. The highly prevalent areas of echinococcosis were mainly concentrated in West Ujimqin Banner (the highest incidence, 19.23 per 100 000), East Ujimqin Banner (the highest incidence, 12.93 per 100 000) and New Barag Right Banner (the highest incidence, 11.66 per 100 000). Three-dimensional trend analysis showed that the areas with high incidence of reported echinococcosis were mainly located in central by eastern parts of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. There was a positive spatial autocorrelation in the number of echinococcosis patients, and the cases appeared a clustering distribution (Moran’s I > 0, P < 0.05), with “high-high” and “low-high” regions. Conclusion The reported echinococcosis patients show a spatial aggregation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the hotspot areas are mainly concentrated in Xilingol League and Chifeng City, in which targeted control interventions for Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are recommended to be intensified.

Case-Control Study on the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Breast Cancer in Chinese Han Women / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: Genetic variation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a newly described risk factor for breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the association of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FGFR2 with breast cancer in Han Chinese women. METHODS: Two hundred three women with breast cancer and 200 breast cancer-free age-matched controls were selected. Four SNPs (rs2981579, rs1219648, rs2420946, and rs2981582) and their haplotypes were analyzed to test for their association with breast cancer susceptibility. The presence of the four FGFR2 SNPs was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was observed in the frequency of rs2981582 in the FGFR2 gene (p 3%) haplotypes were identified. Three of these haplotypes, CGTC (odds ratio [OR], 0.613; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.457-0.82; p=0.001), TGTC (OR, 6.561; 95% CI, 2.064-20.854; p<0.001), and CATC (OR, 12.645; 95% CI, 1.742-91.799; p=0.001) were significantly associated with breast cancer risk. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that the SNP rs2981582 and haplotypes CGTC, TGTC, and CATC in FGFR2 may be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in Han Chinese women.

Evaluation on short term after hepatectomy for the patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the high risk factors for tumor recurrence in short term after hepatectomy for the patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five hundreds and two patients with primary HCC underwent hepatectomy were included from January 1997 to December 2008. Among these patients, males were 419 cases and females were 83 cases. The age was 14 to 82 years (average age 54 years). The results of evaluation on 2 months after resection and tumor recurrence and survival were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to the operative and pathologic findings and the evaluation on 2 months after hepatectomy, the patients with vascular invasion, palliation resection, cutting edge pathologic residual tumor, lymph notes metastasis, serum AFP level continuing higher after resection or(and) positive TACE (tumor dyeing on TACE within 1 month and a deposit of lipiodol on CT scan) were high risk factors (high-risk group, 106 cases, 21.1%), the recurrence-free survival was 22%, 9% and 3% (1, 2 and 5 year) and overall survival was 52%, 25% and 8%. On the non-high risk group patients, the recurrence-free survival was 84%, 67%, 42% and 31% (1, 2, and 5 year) and overall survival was 97%, 85%, 56% and 35%. The bigger tumor, poor differentiation, tumor invading to liver capsule, satellite focus and TNM III-IV stage in high-risk groups were more significantly than that in non-high-risk groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The vascular invasion, palliation resection, cutting edge pathologic residual tumor, lymph notes metastasis, serum AFP level continuing higher or (and) positive TACE within 2 months after resection are high risk factors for HCC patients in short term after hepatectomy, which mean tumor remnant.</p>

Effect of combination of docosahexaenoic acid and fluorouracil on human gastric carcinoma cell strain MGC803 / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of the combination of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fluorouracil (FU) on human gastric carcinoma cell strain MGC803 in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The influences of DHA and FU alone or in combination on cell proliferation was detected using MTT assay. Dose of median (Dm) of drugs (alone or in combination) and the combination index (CI) were calculated using the combination index equation of Chou-Talalay. Cell cycle were examined using flow cytometry. Cell apoptosis was determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method. The expression of apoptosis-related protein was detected using Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DHA significantly inhibited the growth of MGC803, and low-dose DHA induced the proliferation of human embryonic lung fibroblast (P < 0.05). DHA remarkably strengthened the inhibitive effect of FU on the growth of MGC803, and decreased the Dm of FU by 3.6-2.5 folds (P < 0.05). When the inhibitory ratio reached 30%, the combination of DHA and FU showed synergism (CI < 1) and significant G(0)/G(1) arrest (vs FU, P < 0.05). DHA increased the apoptosis-inducing effect of FU and upregulated the cleaved-caspase-3 expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DHA can inhibit the growth of MGC803. When combined with FU, DHA has synergetic effect in inhibiting the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and meanwhile decrease the dose of FU.</p>

Complete sequence of the M segment of Amur virus in rodent from China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the complete sequence of M segment of Amur virus in rodents and to explore their molecular characteristics. Methods Complete M segment of Amur virus in rodent from China was amplified by RT-PCR. The purified PCR product was cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector and then sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis on multiple nucleotide sequences was performed with the Tree PUZZLE and DNAStar software. Results The full-length of its M gene comprised of 3615 nucleotides with one open reading frame (ORF) including 3408 nucleotides and encoding a protein which comprised 1135 amino acids. The ORF was located at bases 41 to 3448. The phylogenetic analysis of JilinAP06 with other hantaviruses revealed that the complete sequence of M segment of JilinAP06 strain was closely related to those Amur viruses such as B78 strain, Liu strain and H5 strain were all from the patients. The complete sequence of M segment of JilinAP06 had only 79.5% identities with the nucleotide sequence of HTNV strain 76-118. Conclusion The complete sequence on M segment of Amur virus in rodent was first time identified in this country.

Effect of combination of eicosapentaenoic acid and epirubicin on human gastric carcinoma cell strain MGC-803 / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of combination of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and The effects of EPA and epirubicin (EPI) on the human gastric carcinoma cell MGC-803 in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>EPI were measured by MTT assay , and the interaction between these two agents was evaluated by the isobologram technique of Berenbaum. Morphous of cell was observed by phase-contrast and electron microscope. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>EPA significantly inhibited the growth of MGC-803 cells in a dose- and time-dependent way (P < 0.01). Numerous abnormal particles were found around the nucleus of MGC-803 cells under phase-contrast microscope, and also many electron-dense material in cytoplasm were found under electron microscope. EPA significantly stimulated the growth of human embryonal pulmonary fibroblast (HPF) dose-dependently (P < 0.01). A strong synergism was found between EPA and EPI in MGC-803 cells. EPA induced G0/G1-phase arrest but without statistical significance (P > 0.05), and EPI significantly induced S-phase arrest (P < 0.05) in MGC-803 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EPA can inhibit cell growth in gastric carcinoma cells but not in normal cells. EPA and EPI have synergetic effect in the inhibition of gastric carcinoma cells. Compared with EPI monotherapy, the combination of EPI and EPA can reduce the dosage of EPI.</p>

Effect of combination of glutamine and mitomycin C on human gastric carcinoma cell strain MGC-803 / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of combination of glutamine (GLN) and mitomycin C (MMC) on the human gastric carcinoma cell line MGC-803 in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The effects of GLN and MMC were measured by MTT assay, and the interaction between the two agents was evaluated by the median-effect principle. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>GLN did not significantly stimulate the cell growth in vitro. High-concentration of GLN could inhibit the cell growth. MMC could effectively inhibit the cell growth in a time-dependent manner. The interaction of these two agents showed a weak antagonistic activity (1 < CI < 1.2703). MMC induced remarkable S-phase arrest. Low-dose GLN has limited effect on the S-phase arrest of MMC, while high-dose GLN significantly attenuated the S-phase arrest and lowered the proliferation index of MGC-803 cell.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Combination of GLN and MMC has a a weak and dose-dependent antagonistic activity in the treatment of gastric carcinoma cell line MGC-803. The combination of high-dose MMC and low-dose GLN may achieve better efficacy.</p>